The concerns have shifted from whether the U.S. is willing to defend its allies to whether it retains the military and industrial capacity to fight effectively across Europe, the Middle East, and Asia at the same time.

The Trump administration has rejected reports of serious shortages. The White House says the military has sufficient munitions to meet the president’s objectives and is pushing defense manufacturers to increase production.

The Pentagon similarly dismissed claims of depleted stockpiles, maintaining that the U.S. has "everything required to strike at the time and place of the President’s choosing."